gujarati caste system by surname
Some ekdas did come into existence in almost the same way as did the tads, that is to say, by a process of fission of one ekda into two or more ekdas. On the other hand, there was an almost simultaneous spurt in village studies. After all, enterprise is in their blood. The surname means "deity", "god" or "lord" in modern Indian languages, from the Sanskrit or Middle Indo-Aryan thakkura. he says. The Kayasthas and Brahma-Kshatriyas, the so- called ‘writer’ castes, employed mainly in the bureaucracy, and the Vahivancha Barots, genealogists and mythographers, were almost exclusively urban castes. There was another kind of ambiguity about the Brahman status or two other divisions—Kayatia and Tapodhan. Also, the horizontal spread of a caste rarely coincided with the territorial boundaries of a political authority. A fundamental difficulty with these paradigms of change, as indicated by the above analysis, is that they are based on a partial conception of the systematic or structural whole in the past partially because it does not cover the urban situation and the complexity of horizontal units. Although the people of one tad would talk about their superiority over those of another tad in an ekda, and the people of one ekda over those of another in a higher-order division, particularly in large towns where two or more tads and ekdas would be found living together, there was no articulate ranking and hypergamy among them. Usually, it was a small population. While we can find historical information about the formation of ekdas and tads there are only myths about the formation of the numerous second-order divisions. Gujarat did not have anything like the non-Brahmin movement of South India and Maharashtra before 1947. Given this framework, why are Patels agitating, and whether they will face more retaliation, particularly from OBCs, is something that needs expert explanation. As could be expected, there were marriages between fairly close kin, resulting in many overlapping relationships, in such an endogamous unit. The Bania (also spelled as Baniya, Banija, Banya, Vaniya, Vani, Vania and Vanya) is an occupational community of merchants, bankers, money-lenders, and (in modern times) owners of commercial enterprises. There is enormous literature on these caste divisions from about the middle of the 19th century which includes census reports, gazetteers, […] The census reports provide such figures until 1931, but it is well known that these pose many problems for sociological analysis, most of which arise out of the nature of castes as horizontal units. In the plains, therefore, every village had one or more towns in its vicinity. For the sake of bravity and simplicity of presentation, I have not provided detailed documentation. In many villages in Gujarat, particularly in larger villages, one or two first-order divisions would be represented by more than one second-order division. Prohibited Content 3. He also claimed it was aimed at establishing the BJP, heading the union government, to establish itself politically in Tamil Nadu. The incidence of exchange marriages and of bachelors in the lowest stratum among the Anavils also was high. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. They worked not only as high priests but also as bureaucrats. I hope to show in this paper how the principle of division is also a primary principle competing with the principle of hierarchy and having important implications for Indian society and culture. It adds, âThis paper using state compiled data sets analyses entrepreneurial development among different social groups in the state and derives interesting results.â. The two former ekdas continued to exist with diminished strength. The population of certain first-order divisions lived mainly in villages. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). The very low Brahmans such as Kayatias and Tapodhans were invited but made to eat separately from the rest of the Brahmans. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). All Brahman divisions did not, however, have a corresponding Vania division. To have a meaningful understanding of the system of caste divisions, there is no alternative but to understand the significance of each order of division and particularly the nature of their boundaries and maintenance mechanisms. Almost every village in this area included at least some Leva population, and in many villages they formed a large, if not the largest, proportion of the population. For example, among the Vanias the most general rule was that a marriage of a boy could be arranged with any girl who was bhane khapati, i.e., with whom he was permitted to have commensal relations (roti vyavahar). As The Times of India representative in Gandhinagar, Gujaratâs capital, Rajiv covered state government between 1997 and 2012. But there were also others who did not wield any power. Although the number of inter-ekda marriages has been increasing, even now the majority of marriages take place within an ekda. We shall return to the Rajput-Koli relationship when we consider the Kolis in detail. Such a description not only overlooks the diversity and complexity of caste divisions and the rural-urban Link- ages in them but also leads to placing them in the same category as Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Jains, Buddhists, and so on. Although caste was found in both village and town, did it possess any special characteristics in the latter? Shah surname usually represents the Bania caste in Jain and Hindu communities. Did the Patels fail to get the share which they had expected from Narendra Modiâs biennial Vibrant Gujarat world business meets? One important first-order division, namely, Rajput, does not seem to have had any second-order division at all. The sub- the manner in which the ideas of free marriages and castles society are used by both the old and the young in modern India and how a number of new customs and institutions have evolved to cope with these new ideas is a fascinating subject of study. Gujarati migrations to the nearby metropolis of Bombay the first new centre of administration, industry, commerce, education, and western culture, followed the same links. The Rajput’s’ relationship with the Kolis penetrated every second-order division among them, i.e., Talapada, Pardeshi, Chumvalia, Palia, and so on. This bulk also was characterized by hierarchy, with the relatively advanced population living in the plains at one end and the backward population living along with the tribal population in the highlands at the other end. There is a patterned widening of the connubial field along an area chalked out historically. He stresses repeatedly the primacy of the principle of hierarchy-epitomized in the title of his book. "Devendrakula Vellalar name change is an attempt to protect the caste system on which the BJP hopes to nurture its Compiled below is a list of some of the most common and popular Indian surnames. The fact that Mahatma Gandhi came from a small third-order division in the Modh Vania division in a town in Saurashtra does not seem to be an accident. A first-order division could be further divided into two or more second-order divisions. Rather, there is strong pressure for higher education, particularly in computer science and engineering. Surname: State Of Origin: Gujarati: Acharya: Gujarat: Gujarati: Adani: Gujarat: Gujarati: Adhvaryu: Gujarat: Gujarati: Ajmera: Gujarat: Gujarati: Ambani: Gujarat: Gujarati: Amin: Gujarat: Gujarati: Asher: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bainsla: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bapodra: Gujarat: Gujarati: Barot: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bhagat: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bhakta: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bhansali: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bhanwadia: Gujarat: Gujarati: Bhatt: Gujarat… In 1931, their total population was more than 1,700,000, nearly one-fourth of the total population of Gujarat. The marital alliances of the royal families forming part of the Maratha confederacy, and of the royal families of Mysore in south India and of Kashmir and Nepal in the north with the royal families of Gujarat and Rajasthan show, among other things, how there was room for flexibility and how the rule of caste endogamy could be violated in an acceptable manner at the highest level. The small town sections therefore separated themselves from the respective large town sections and formed a new ekda. They co-existed in the highlands with tribes such as the Bhils, so much so that today frequently many high caste Gujaratis confuse them with Bhils, as did the earlier ethnographers. Therefore, you can probably understand the importance of last names in India. Is Gujarat economy, especially the small the medium sectors which are heavily dependent on Patels, in crisis? Hypergamy tended to be associated with this hierarchy. While the Rajputs, Leva Patidars, Anavils and Khedawals have been notorious for high dowries, and the Kolis have been looked down upon for their practice of bride price, the Vanias have been paying neither. It seems the highland Bhils (and possibly also other tribes) provided brides to lower Rajputs in Gujarat. All that I knew about Patels was Chimanbhai Patel, who, mobilizing Patel farmers, occupied the gaddi in Gandhinagar in early 1990s, first with the help of another Patel, BJPâs Keshubhai Patel, before coming back to the Congress fold. The main thrust of Pocock’s paper is that greater emphasis on difference rather than on hierarchy is a feature of caste among overseas Indians and in modern urban India. Pocock goes on to observe that diminution of emphasis upon hierarchy and increasing emphasis upon difference are features of caste in modern, particularly urban, India: “…there is a shift from the caste system to individual castes and this reflects the change that is taking place in India today” (290). In southern India, Tamil names traditionally include the family's place of origin, the father's name… The two categories of castes have been deeply conscious of these differences between them and have been talking freely about them. The family to which I belong, broadly Gandhian in belief, had rarely talked about our caste or sub-caste. In the second kind of area, indigenous Kolis live side-by-side with immigrant Kolis from an adjoining area. Devendrakula Vellalar name change: Centre trying to protect caste system: D Raja outlookindia.com. Whatever the internal organization of a second-order division, the relationship between most of the Brahman second-order divisions was marked by great emphasis on being different and separate than on being higher and lower. All of this information supports the point emerging from the above analysis, that frequently there was relatively little concern for ritual status between the second-order divisions within a first- order division than there was between the first-order divisions. It will readily be agreed that the sociological study of Indian towns and cities has not made as much progress as has the study of Indian villages. Gandhi. Almost all the myths about the latter are enshrined in the puranas (for an analysis of a few of them, see Das 1968 and 1977). Before publishing your articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. m is printing what someone else does not want printed: everything else is public relations." As he had promised, Shinoda sent me across a hard copy of the translated version of his research work, which was originally in Japanese. Though Gujarat has a Patel chief minister â Anandiben Patel â she isnât considered a Patel leader, like Keshubhai Patel was. As time passed, I came to know what I should be telling those who ask this question â that I wasnât a Jain Shah but a Hindu Shah. In this post, we will learn about find your match by surname, patel sathi, patel, patel samaj, marrige, leva patel, kadva patel, koli patel with all List. Most of the other eighty or so second-order divisions among Brahmans, however, seem to be subdivided the way the Vania second-order divisions were subdivided into third-order and fourth-order divisions. In all there were thirty to forty such divisions. Although the name of a Brahman or Vania division might be based on a place name, the division was not territorial in nature. Hypergamy was accompanied by sanskritization of at least a section of the tribal population, their claim to the Kshatriya Varna and their economic and political symbiosis with the caste population. In the past the dispersal over a wide area of population of an ekda or tad was uncommon; only modern communications have made residential dispersal as well as functional integration possible. This tendency reaches its culmination in the world of Dumont. Usually, the latter were distinguished from one another by prohibition. As regards the specific case of the Rajput-Koli relationship, my impression is that, after the suppression of female infanticide in the first half of the 19th century, the later prohibition of polygyny, and the recent removal of princely states and feudal land tenures among the Rajputs on the one hand, and the increasing sanskritization as well as Rajputization among the Kolis on the other, marriage ties between these divisions have become more extensive than before. These linkages played an important role in the traditional social structure as well as in the processes of change in modern India. To quote him, âThese same agrobased and rural-based industries have played a very important role in the entrepreneurial development of the Patidars. The point is that the Rajput hierarchy, with the princely families at the top, merged at the lower level imperceptibly into the vast sea of tribal and semi-tribal people like Bhils and Kolis. All associations originated in large towns, are more active in towns than in villages, and are led by prominent members in towns. It has already been mentioned that every first-order division was not divided into second-order divisions, and that every second-order division was not divided into third-order divisions, and so on. It was also an extreme example of a division having a highly differentiated internal hierarchy and practising hypergamy as an accepted norm. under their collective was an attempt to protect the caste system. As for Brahmin or Kshatriyas, he says, one does not find any industries with a high concentration of their surnames. …Further, during this lengthy process of slow amalgamation those who will marry in defiance of the barriers of sub-caste, will still be imbued with caste mentality” (1932: 184). ... MORE. The Kolis seem to have had only two divisions in every part of Gujarat: for example, Talapada (indigenous) and Pardeshi (foreign) in central Gujarat and Palia and Baria in eastern Gujarat (significantly, one considered indigenous and the other outsider). If the Varna divisions are taken into account, then this would add one more order to the four orders of caste divisions considered above. Similarly, although the number of marriages between the second-order divisions in the Vania division, i.e., between Khadayata, Modh, Shrimali, Lad, Vayada, etc., has been increasing, the majority of marriages take place within the respective second-order divisions. Firstly, there were divisions whose population was found almost entirely in towns. In an area of the first kind there are no immigrant Kolis from elsewhere, and therefore, there is no question of their having second-order divisions. The members of a king’s caste were thus found not only in his own kingdom but in other kingdoms as well. Hindu society is usually described as divided into a number of castes the boundaries of which are maintained by the rule of caste endogamy. Yet, I learned from some of my âcaste menâ that Vanias â whatever their surname â still ruled the roost in Gujaratâs business. Is there a higher degree if underemployment among the educated youths, a large section of which forms Patels? This has apparently helped many Patels to turn to real estate in a big way. They were involved in agriculture in one way or another. The Rajput links entailed the spread of Rajput culture in each Koli division and provided a certain cultural homogeneity to all the divisions. "I'm a newsman. There was also another kind of feast, called bhandaro, where Brahmans belonging to a lesser number of divisions (say, all the few in a small town) were invited. There was an emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower. For example, there were two ekdas, each with a large section resident in a large town and small sections resident in two or three neighbouring small towns. As well Add more … Co-residence of people, belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a higher order was, however, a prominent feature of towns and cities rather than of villages. Plagiarism Prevention 4. The point is that there was nothing like the endogamous unit but there were only several units of various orders with defined roles in endogamy. âI will finalize the report and send it to youâ, he told me just before I left for Gandhiagar in 1997, where I was to live for the next 14 years. This was because political authorities were hierarchized from little kingdom to empire and the boundaries of political authorities kept changing. Of particular importance seems to be the fact that a section of the urban population was more or less isolated—some may say, alienated—from the rural masses from generation to generation. Unfortunately, such figures are not available for the last fifty years or so. He fed all of it in the computer, and with the help of software, separated well-known surnames of different castes, identifying the industrial units these surnames owned. These and many other artisans, craftsmen and servants reflected the special life-style of the town. In each of these three divisions the top stratum was clear. For example, the Patanwadia population was spread continuously from the Patan area to central Gujarat, and the Talapada population from central Gujarat to Pal. In the Hindu religion, there is the following of a caste system: people are different and should be placed into different aspects of society. Chennai, Feb 16 (PTI) CPI general secretary D Raja on Monday alleged the Centre''s decision to accept the demand for bringing all sub-sects of … Desai as a title. Census officials-turned-scholars, from Risley to Hutton, wrote many of the earlier general works on caste. No one knows when and how they came into existence and what they meant socially. They married their daughters into higher Rajput lineages in the local area who in turn married their daughters into still higher nearly royal rajput lineages in Saurashtra and Kachchh. This is List of the surname of Patidar. Although the ekda or tad was the most effective unit for endogamy, each unit of the higher order was also significant for endogamy. This was dramatized in many towns at the mahajan (guild) feasts when all the members of the guild of traders would eat together. If the marriage took place within the Vania fold but outside the tad or ekda, as the case may be, the punishment varied according to the social distance between the tads or ekdas of the bride and the groom. For reprint rights: Times Syndication Service, Thu, Feb 18, 2021 | UPDATED 16:38 PM IST.
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