international date line west
It was decided at the International Meridian Conference in 1884 in Washington, D.C. where 26 countries attended. So that it does not cross nations, it passes around the far east of Russia and other archipelagos in the Pacific.. The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line of demarcation on the surface of Earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next. Around the June solstice, the first area would be any place within the Kamchatka Time Zone (UTC+12:00) that is far enough north to experience midnight sun on the given date. In other words, the secular days are legally different but they are physically the same; and that causes questions to arise under religious law. In that year, King Malietoa Laupepa was persuaded by American traders to adopt the American date (three hours behind California) to replace the former Asian date (four hours ahead of Japan). Montag, 8. Near the December solstice, the first places would be Antarctic research stations using New Zealand Time (UTC+13:00) during summer that experience midnight sun. The IDL on the map in this article and all other maps is based on the de facto line and is an artificial construct of cartographers, as the precise course of the line in international waters is arbitrary. Make International Date Line West time default. Thus, all of Russia is to the west of the IDL, and all of the United States is to the east except for the insular areas of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Wake Island. The International Date Line is located halfway around the world from the prime meridian (0° longitude ) or about 180° east (or west) of Greenwich, London , UK, the reference point of time zones . (Wrangel Island lies directly on the meridian at 71°32′N 180°0′E, also noted as 71°32′N 180°0′W. Similarly, the western Aleutian Islands are islands of American date in a sea of Asian date. 300 members) decided to accept the IDL adjustment and observe the Sabbath on Saturday. It follows that meridian until reaching Antarctica, which has multiple time zones. People traveling westward around the world must set their clocks: For anyone traveling eastward, they must set their clocks: Failing to do this would make their time inaccurate to the local time. The concept behind the IDL (though not the IDL itself, which did not yet exist) appears as a plot device in Jules Verne's book Around the World in Eighty Days (1873). No international organization, nor any treaty between nations, has fixed the IDL drawn by cartographers: the 1884 International Meridian Conference explicitly refused to propose or agree to any time zones, stating that they were outside its purview. For example, when the Republic of Kiribati gained independence from being a British colony in 1979 some of the islands were on one side of the dateline, and the rest were on the other. The International Date Line is an imaginary boundary that runs from east to west along the 180-degree meridian. When crossing the International Date Line (IDL) in a westward direction, the dates August 18 through August 19 are treated as 1 day for per diem computation purposes because the traveler did not arrive at the TDY location until August 20. ), The concept of an international date line in Jewish law is first mentioned by 12th-century decisors. … morgen … For internal purposes, such as work and meal hours, ships use a time zone of their own choosing. [32][33], For individuals crossing the date line, the change of calendar date influences some aspects of practice under Jewish law. Thus, whether it is Western Christmas or Orthodox Christmas, Christians in Samoa, immediately west of the Date Line, will celebrate the holiday a day before Christians in American Samoa, which is immediately east of the Date Line. It passes through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180° line of longitude but deviating to pass around some territories and island groups. The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary — and arbitrary — line on Earth's surface that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. In Tonga, Seventh Day Adventists (who usually observe Saturday, the seventh-day Sabbath) observe Sunday due to their understanding of the International Date Line, as Tonga lies east of the 180° meridian. Kwajalein returned to the west side of the IDL by removing Saturday, 21 August 1993 from its calendar. Government and commercial concerns on opposite sides of the line could only conduct routine business by radio or telephone on the four days of the week which were weekdays on both sides. The change also applied to the other remaining Spanish colonies in the Pacific: the Mariana Islands, Guam and Caroline Islands. The Arab geographer Abulfeda (1273–1331) predicted that circumnavigators would accumulate a one-day offset to the local date. Die Datumsgrenze verläuft durch den Pazifik. The 15° gore that is offset from UTC by 12 hours is bisected by the nautical date line into two 7.5° gores that differ from UTC by ±12 hours. International Date Line. Because of that, Kwajalein used the Hawaiian date, so was effectively east of the International Date Line (unlike the rest of the Marshalls). According to the clock, the first areas to experience a new day and a New Year are islands that use UTC+14:00. International Date Line West [the ~] noun Related Definitions for "International Date Line West": A standardized time zone where the local time is 12 hours earlier than Coordinated Universal Time/Greenwich Mean Time. During his journey, he had added a full day to his clock, at the rhythm of an hour per fifteen degrees, or four minutes per degree, as Verne writes. But a de facto date line did exist since the UK, India and the US had the same calendar with different local times, and he should have noticed when he arrived in the US that the local date was not the same as in his diary (his servant Jean Passepartout kept his clock set to London time, despite the clues from his surroundings). After the change, the IDL in effect moved eastwards to go around the entire country. For example, if you travel the 1061 kilometers (659 miles) across the dateline from Baker Island to Tokelau you have to add 25 hours, or 1 day and 1 hour. It then bends southeast again to return to 180°. Main Menu. During the first hour (UTC 10:00–10:59), all three calendar dates include inhabited places. [15], Alaska was on the western side of the International Date Line, since Russian settlers reached Alaska from Siberia. Moreover, Kwajalein's work week was changed to Tuesday through Saturday to match the Hawaiian work week of Monday through Friday on the other side of the IDL. Class 10 Menu Toggle. As a consequence of the 1994 change, Kiribati's easternmost territory, the Line Islands, including the inhabited island of Kiritimati (Christmas Island), started the year 2000 before any other country, a feature the Kiribati government capitalized upon as a potential tourist draw. For example, residents of the Jewish communities of Japan,[35] New Zealand,[36] Hawaii,[37] and French Polynesia[38] all observe Shabbat on local Saturday. Verne explains: In journeying eastward he [Fogg] had gone towards the sun, and the days therefore diminished for him as many times four minutes as he crossed degrees in this direction. This is to keep it in agreement with the date of the rest of those countries. A 1994 realignment of the IDL made Caroline Island one of the first points of land on Earth to reach January 1, 2000, on the calendar (UTC+14:00). The 180° meridian was selected as the International Date Line because it mostly runs through the sparsely populated Central Pacific Ocean. Time difference from International Date Line West… [27] Debate continues within the Seventh-day Adventist community in the Pacific as to which day is really the seventh-day Sabbath. This page was last edited on 11 February 2021, at 05:01. A Government dining facility … Generally, the Christian calendar and Christian churches recognize the IDL. International Date Line West translated from English to German including synonyms, definitions, and related words. Being 21 hours behind made business difficult because having weekends on backward days meant only four days of the week were shared workdays.[21]. [10] This approach is consistent with the principle of national and nautical time zones: the islands of eastern Kiribati are actually "islands" of Asian date (west side of IDL) in a sea of American date (east side of IDL). The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on Earth's surface defining the boundary between one day and the next. The conference resolved that the Universal Day, midnight-to-midnight Greenwich Mean Time (now known as Coordinated Universal Time, or UTC), which it did agree to, "shall not interfere with the use of local or standard time where desirable". [1] This phenomenon was confirmed in 1522 at the end of the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation (1519–1522), the first successful circumnavigation. At the time, the concept of a de jure International Date Line did not exist. Because the Date Line was an arbitrary imposition, the question can arise as to which Saturday on either side of the Date Line (or, more fundamentally, on either side of 180 degrees longitude) is the "real" Saturday. Standard time is also known as winter time or normal time in some countries. The Samoan Independent Seventh-day Adventist Church, which is not affiliated to the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist Church, has decided to continue worshiping on Saturday, after a six-day week at the end of 2011. In 2011, Samoa changed the time zone from UTC-11 to UTC+13 by shifting the dateline to the west and removing December 30, 2011 from the calendar. When you cross the International Date Line from west to east, you subtract a day, and if you cross the line from east to west, you add a day. For example if you travel across the international date line from East to West then your date will change to the next date. Topics: Timekeeping, Time Zone, Geography. During that period it was west of the IDL. Yet other aspects depend on an individual's experience of sunsets and sunrises to count days, notwithstanding the calendar date.[32][33]. However, the locals told them that it was actually Thursday, 10 July 1522. The IDL circumscribes Kiribati by swinging far to the east, almost reaching the 150°W meridian. Das Datum wechselt immer (einmal) an dem Meridian, wo es gerade 24:00/00:00 Uhr ist (Mitternachtslinie). (See § Cartographic practice and convention below.). To eliminate this anomaly, Kiribati introduced a change of date for its eastern half by removing Saturday, 31 December 1994 from its calendar. [11] Instead, HMNAO labels island groups with their time zones, which do reflect the most recent IDL shifts. In addition, the Russian Empire was still using the Julian calendar, which had fallen 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar. This means that, for instance, if a deadline has not passed in the UTC–12:00 zone, the deadline has not yet passed "Anywhere on Earth". Cross from west to the east, and you lose a day. The change was made by repeating Monday, 4 July 1892, American Independence Day. und dem neuen Datum (heute bzw. Februar 2021, Woche 6. Maps are usually not drawn this way.[24]. Similarly if you cross the international date line from west to east, then you will go back to yesterday's … The crew was surprised, as they had recorded each day of the three-year journey without omission. It is the result of the 1917 Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, which recommended that all ships, both military and civilian, adopt hourly standard time zones on the high seas. In other places, however, the IDL deviates east or west away from that meridian. The IDL remains on the 180° meridian until passing the equator. [10] The IDL on modern CIA maps now reflects the most recent shifts in the IDL[9] (see § Historic alterations below). Die Datumsgrenze verläuft vom Nord- zum Südpol durch den Pazifik, in etwa entlang des 180. After Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, Philippine trade interests turned to Imperial China, the Dutch East Indies and adjacent areas, so the Philippines decided to join its Asian neighbors on the west side of the IDL. The International Date Line sits on the 180º line of longitude in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and is the imaginary line that separates two consecutive calendar days. The main protagonist, Phileas Fogg, travels eastward around the world. When the sun was at its zenith (“noon”) and due south, that was the middle of the day. Forward by one hour for every 15° of longitude crossed, and. American Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue, and French Polynesia are east of the IDL and one day behind. It is also known as the line of demarcation. The transfer of territory from Russia to the United States, The cession of Russian America to the United States, "Samoa to Jump Forward in Time by One Day", Tokelau: Wrong local time for over 100 years, "In Marshall Islands, Friday Is Followed by Sunday", "Samoa Seventh Day Adventists diverge over impact of Dateline switch", "Ramadan and Prayer Times in the Lands under Midnight Sun", "A Traveller's Guide To The International Dateline", "The Sabbath, the International Date Line and Jewish Law". [32][33] But it was not until the introduction of improved transportation and communications systems in the 20th century that the question of an international date line truly became a question of practical Jewish law. For the two hours between 10:00 and 11:59 UTC each day, three different calendar dates are observed at the same time in different places on Earth. It is located halfway round the world from the prime meridian—the zero degrees longitude established in … Notwithstanding the difference in dates, the same sunrise happened over American Samoa as happens over Samoa a few minutes later, and the same sunset happens over Samoa as happened over American Samoa a few minutes earlier. This date line is implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps. For example, our Time Zone Converter shows: The dateline is not defined by international law. The first major cities to experience a new day are Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand (UTC+12:00; UTC+13:00 with daylight saving time). Add to favorite locations . In other words, while Phileas Fogg, going eastward, saw the sun pass the meridian eighty times, his friends in London only saw it pass the meridian seventy-nine times.[39]. The UK is not on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) all year. [22], Kwajalein atoll, like the rest of the Marshall Islands, passed from Spanish to German to Japanese control during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Längengrades, auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Nullmeridians. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Date_Line&oldid=1006123468, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Back by one hour for every 15° of longitude crossed, and. Strictly legal, the 1917 nautical IDL convention is still valid. [34], As a practical matter, the conventional International Date Line—or another line in the Pacific Ocean close to it—serves as a de facto date line for purposes of Jewish law, at least in existing Jewish communities. In 1867, the United States purchased Russian America and moved the territory to the east side of the International Date Line. (See Ramadan § Beginning. These include portions of the Republic of Kiribati, including Millennium Island in the Line Islands, as well as Samoa during the southern summer. Dieser natürliche (erste) Datumswechsel wandert mit dem Gegenpunkt der Sonne einmal pro Tag um die Erde herum. Thus, the two largest deviations from thi… As the world began to modernize, clocks became more advanced and the need for accuracy of time… These various deviations generally accommodate the political and/or economic affiliations of the affected areas. UTC -12; Read about International Date Line West in Wikipedia. Its exact course was never defined by any international treaty, law or agreement. Since Alaska moved to the eastern side of the International Date Line, the date also moved back to Friday, 18 October 1867, now known as Alaska Day. The nautical date line, not the same as the IDL, is a de jure construction determined by international agreement. As the Earth rotates, each day first begins and ends on the line. [40], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}0°N 180°W / 0°N 180°W / 0; -180, Imaginary line that demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next, "Date line" redirects here. The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth. It is not straight but zigzags to avoid political and country borders and to not cut some countries in half. How the international date line works.Song: "Summer", by Arts and Kraphts Galleries (found on AudioSwap). Countries are free to choose the date and time zone that they want to observe. Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern Line Islands south of Hawaii, have the most advanced time on Earth, UTC+14:00 hours. The date line is a central factor in Umberto Eco's book The Island of the Day Before (1994), in which the protagonist finds himself on a becalmed ship, with an island close at hand on the other side of the IDL. They corrected the anomaly in the eastern half of Kiribati by skipping January 1, 1995 and ever since Kiribati has been the first country to enter the New Year. The IDL then bends southwest to return to 180°. )[4] It then passes through the Bering Strait between the Diomede Islands at a distance of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from each island at 168°58′37″ W.[5] It then bends considerably west of 180°, passing west of St. Lawrence Island and St. Matthew Island. However, the journey suffers a series of delays and when Fogg reaches London, it's 8:50 pm on Friday, 20 December, although he believes it's Saturday, 21 December and that he has lost the wager by a margin of only five minutes. Before clocks and instantaneous communication, telling the time was a rather simple process. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is often interchanged or confused with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). [31] As an example, the fasts of the month of Ramadan begin the morning after the crescent is sighted. South of Kiribati, the IDL returns westwards but remains east of 180°, passing between Samoa and American Samoa.[6]. 11:32:16 AM. Similarly, the Islamic calendar and Muslim communities recognize the convention of the IDL. In the north the date line turns to the east through the Bering Strait and then west past the Aleutian Islands in order to keep Alaska and Russia on opposite sides of the line. Forward by 24 hours upon crossing the International Date Line. Christmas for example, is celebrated on 25 December (according to either the Gregorian or the Julian calendar, depending upon which of the two is used by the particular church) as that date falls in countries located on either side of the Date Line. Dazu noch jede Menge weitere Infos zu Land und Leuten. These depend solely on sighting the new crescent moon. [23], As a British colony, the now-Republic of Kiribati was centered in the Gilbert Islands, just west of the IDL of the time. But GMT is a time zone and UTC is a time standard. Cross the line from the east to the west, and you gain a day. The current HMNAO map does not draw the IDL in conformity with recent shifts in the IDL; it draws a line virtually identical to that adopted by the UK's Hydrographic Office about 1900. So that it does not cross nations, it passes around the far east of Russia and other archipelagosin the Pacific. There are three hundred and sixty degrees on the circumference of the earth; and these three hundred and sixty degrees, multiplied by four minutes, gives precisely twenty-four hours—that is, the day unconsciously gained. It is not a perfectly straight line and has been moved slightly over the years to accommodate needs (or requests) of varied countries in the Pacific Ocean. The transfer ceremony took place at 3:30 p.m. in the capital of New Archangel (Sitka), on Saturday, 7 October 1867 (Julian), which was Saturday, 19 October 1867 (Gregorian) in Europe. Depending on which time zone the country follows, the time difference on either side of the line is not always 24 hours. Thus, the day he would add to his clock throughout his journey would be thoroughly removed upon crossing this imaginary line. However, because the date to the east of the line is one day earlier than that to the west of the line, the line deviates to pass around the far east of Russia and various island groups in the Pacific, no country wanting to have — at least during ordinary daytime hours — its citizens functioning on two different dates. When the land time zone says it's Monday, these islands would form enclaves of Monday in an ocean which has Sunday. Tokelau is a territory of New Zealand north of Samoa whose principal transportation and communications links with the rest of the world pass through Samoa. Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain on Saturday, 16 March 1521, having sailed westward from Seville across the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The … Note how it bends to include all of Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga … International Date Line West . Every day between 10:00 and 11:59 UTC, three different dates on the calendar are in use at the same time on Earth. n. An imaginary line through the Pacific Ocean roughly corresponding to 180° longitude, to the east of which, by international agreement, the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west. [19] This changed the time zone from UTC−11:00 to UTC+13:00 (UTC-10 to UTC+14 DST). Die Uhrzeit zu allen Ländern des europäischen Kontinents. Fogg had thought it was one day later than it actually was, because he had forgotten this simple fact. For other uses, see, Samoan Islands and Tokelau (1892 and 2011), Date lines according to religious principles, Line-crossing ceremonies relating to the IDL. Geography. Wednesday, February 10, 2021. As a result, the country straddled the IDL. It follows the 180° meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to land, forming gaps—it is a pole-to-pole dashed line. 1 Thus, the 180-degree line of longitude, exactly one-half way around the planet from Greenwich, England (at 0 degrees longitude ), is approximately where the international date line is located. These include Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, McMurdo Station, Scott Base and Mario Zucchelli Station.[8]. Change the "International Date Line West" TZInfo timezone from "Pacific/Midway" (-11) to "Etc/GMT+12" (-12). Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, Seventh-day Adventist Church of Tonga § Date Line controversy, "Arctic Expeditions Commanded by Americans", "United States – Russian Maritime Boundary and Exclusive Economic Zones", "Kiribati's Caroline Island renamed Millennium Island", "Standard Time Zones of the World by the CIA", "Standard Time Zones by HM Nautical Almanac Office", "International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. Current local times around the world, including (DST) changes. [20] Samoa made the change because Australia and New Zealand have become its biggest trading partners, and also have large communities of expatriates. Two US-owned uninhabited atolls, Howland Island and Baker Island, just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean (and ships at sea between 172.5°W and 180°), have the latest time on Earth (UTC−12:00 hours). [16][17], The Samoan Islands, now divided into Samoa and American Samoa, were on the west side of the IDL until 1892. Hier finden Sie aktuelle Uhrzeit und Datum aller Länder der Welt The International Date Line (IDL) on the map. However, there is not unanimity as to how Jewish law reaches that conclusion. Proceeding from north to south, the first deviation of the IDL from 180° is to pass to the east of Wrangel Island and the Chukchi Peninsula, the easternmost part of Russian Siberia. If it did, he would have been made aware that it would be a day less than it used to be once he reached this line. The next day, however, it is revealed that the day is Saturday, not Sunday, and Fogg arrives at his club just in time to win the bet. On timeanddate.com's Time Zone Map, the IDL is shown as a black line (see image). [18], In 2011, Samoa shifted back to the west side of the IDL by removing Friday, 30 December 2011 from its calendar. This issue (which also arises in Judaism) is a particular problem for Seventh Day Adventists, Seventh Day Baptists, and similar churches located in countries near the Date Line. During Daylight Saving Time the correct time zone is British Summer Time (BST). International Date Line West. [13] To advance the calendar by one day, Tuesday, 31 December 1844 was removed from the calendar. The International Date Line provides a standard means of making the needed readjustment: travelers moving eastward across the line set their calendars back one day, and those traveling westward set theirs a day ahead. For this reason, some authorities rule that certain aspects of Sabbath observance are required on Sunday (in Japan and New Zealand) or Friday (in Hawaii and French Polynesia) in addition to Saturday. The dateline runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and marks the divide between the Western and Eastern Hemisphere. international date line, imaginary line on the earth's surface, generally following the 180° meridian of longitude longitude, angular distance on the earth's surface measured along any latitude line such as the equator east or west of the prime meridian. The International Date Line is located at 180 degrees east or west of the Greenwich Meridian and is an imaginary line of longitude that differentiates between two different days. This is to account for the many time zones around the world to make it easier for people to know what time it is in various countries and to keep days uniform based on daylight hours. This date line can be called de facto since it is not based on international law, but on national laws.
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